Quantitative historical hydrology in Europe

Historical Roots of Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry

The scientific disciplines of forest hydrology and forest biogeochemistry have contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural world even though they are relatively young disciplines. In this chapter, the historical origins, developments, and major advancements of these disciplines will be presented. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) will serve as a case study to illustrate the d...

Historical Climatology in Europe – the State of the Art

This paper discusses the state of European research in historical climatology. This field of science and an overview of its development are described in detail. Special attention is given to the documentary evidence used for data sources, including its drawbacks and advantages. Further, methods and significant results of historical-climatological research, mainly achieved since 1990, are presen...

Paediatric respiratory training in Europe: political, educational and historical perspective*

Historical sketch of machine translation in Eastern and Central Europe

This historical survey describes machine translation (MT) in the former Soviet Union and its satellites in Eastern and Central Europe from 1954 to the present day. The first half concentrates on machine translation in Russia between 1954 and 1990, covering the research groups active in Moscow and Leningrad during the 1950s and 1960s, which after 1974 were brought together with other USSR groups...

Historical Quantitative Reasoning on the Web

The Semantic Web is an extension of the Web through standards by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) [4]. These standards promote common data formats and exchange protocols on the Web, most fundamentally the Resource Description Framework (RDF). Its ultimate goal is to make the Web a suitable data space for humans (using the paradigm of Linked Documents) as well as for machines (using the parad...